The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses an ample threat to global health. Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a prime example. So, many people are seeking alternative treatment strategies, and questions rise if cannabis offer a potential solution.
While carefully curated selection of strains of cannabis are prevalent in cannabis stores in British Columbia, can they really cure gonorrhea? Just like searching for the best “cannabis store near me” in Vancouver, BC, you also need to explore the effects of THC, CBD, and cannabinoids on bacteria. Read more.
Gonorrhea and Antibiotic Resistance
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a highly contagious bacterium primarily transmitted through sexual contact. The World Health Organization reports 78 million new cases of gonorrhea arise globally each year. The absence of timely medication leads to severe complications, including:
| Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | Inflammation of the reproductive organs in females, potentially leading to infertility and ectopic pregnancy. |
| Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) | A rare but severe complication where the bacteria spread through the bloodstream, causing arthritis, meningitis, and even death. |
| Neonatal conjunctivitis | Transmission of the bacteria from an infected mother to a newborn during childbirth, leading to eye infections. |
Symptoms in Women
- Burning or pain during urination
- Unusual vaginal discharge (sometimes with an odour)
- Spotting or bleeding between menstrual cycles
Untreated gonorrhea in women can lead to serious complications years later, including pelvic diseases, abscesses, damage to reproductive organs, and a heightened risk of ectopic pregnancy and infertility.
Symptoms in Men
- White or yellowish penile discharge
- Painful or burning urination
- As the infection progresses, pain and swelling in the groin and scrotum (epididymitis and testicular inflammation)
How Gonorrhea Develops Antibiotic-Resistance
The effectiveness of antibiotic treatment for gonorrhea is under increasing threat due to the emergence of resistant strains. Here’s a how Neisseria gonorrhoeae develops resistance:
| Mutations | The bacteria can acquire mutations in their genes, altering their protein structure and rendering them resistant to the antibiotic’s binding action. |
| Plasmid-mediated resistance | Plasmids are a diverse selection of small circular pieces of DNA that are transferred between different strains of bacteria. These plasmids may contain genes for antibiotic resistance, allowing recipient bacteria to become resistant. |
| Efflux pumps | These are protein complexes in the bacterial membrane that actively pump antibiotics out of the cell, decreasing intracellular antibiotic concentration and efficacy. |
Specific Examples of Antibiotic Resistance in Gonorrhea
Over the past few decades, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to various classes of antibiotics previously used for treatment. Here are some notable examples:
- Penicillins, the first-line treatment for gonorrhea until the 1980s, were rendered ineffective due to widespread resistance.
- Tetracyclines were used in the 1980s, but resistance emerged rapidly.
- Fluoroquinolones became the mainstay of gonorrhea treatment in the 1990s, but resistance to ciprofloxacin is increasing globally.
- Cephalosporins are currently the recommended first-line therapy; however, cases of resistance to ceftriaxone, the last-resort antibiotic, have been reported, raising concerns about future treatment options in Vancouver, BC.
Public Health Implications and the Urgent Need for New Treatment Strategies
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gonorrhea strains poses a significant public health challenge. The potential consequences include:
- Increased treatment costs due to the need for more expensive and complex treatment regimens.
- Increased morbidity and mortality associated with complications from untreated gonorrhea.
- Difficulty in controlling the spread of the infection.
Searching for new treatment methods comes down to considering cannabis products in British Columbia. Studies explore the effects of cannabinoids in bacteria, in which they found notable results.
Understanding Cannabinoids
Cannabis sativa & cannabis indica, the two main species of the cannabis genus, produce a fascinating class of natural compounds known as cannabinoids. These molecules interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, a grid of receptors and enzymes that play a role in regulating different physiological processes.
Biosynthesis and Classification of Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids are synthesized from cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), a precursor molecule present in the trichomes of the cannabis or marijuana plant. Through enzymatic pathways, CBGA transforms into various cannabinoids, with the most notable being:
| Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) | The main psychoactive part of cannabis is responsible for the “high” sensation. It exerts effects by binding to the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) located throughout the central nervous system (CNS). |
| Cannabidiol (CBD) | A non-psychoactive cannabinoid with a wide range of potential therapeutic applications. Unlike THC, CBD has a low accord for CB1 receptors but interacts with other receptors and enzymes within the ECS, which influences various physiological functions. |
Major Cannabinoid Classes and Their Properties
Beyond THC and cannabidiol, numerous other forms of cannabis or marijuana exist, each with unique chemical buildup and potential biological activities. Here’s a breakdown of some key classes, which you can find in cannabis stores online or various cannabis dispensary locations:
| Cannabigerol (CBG) | A precursor molecule to THC, cannabidiol, and other cannabinoids. Studies suggest potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. |
| Cannabinol (CBN) | A metabolite of cannabis formed through degradation. CBN exhibits weak psychoactive effects and may possess antibacterial activity. |
| Cannabichromene (CBC) | A non-psychoactive cannabinoid with potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It may also modulate the effects of cannabis or marijuana. |
| Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) | A minor cannabinoid with potential appetite-suppressant and neuroprotective effects. |
The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) and Cannabinoid Action
The ECS is a frame of receptors, enzymes, and endogenous cannabinoids (those produced naturally by the body). The two main cannabinoid receptors are:
- CB1 receptors are located in the CNS, with high concentrations in areas like the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum, influencing functions like memory, mood, pain perception, and movement.
- CB2 receptors are in the peripheral nervous and immune systems, where they play a role in inflammation, pain modulation, and immune cell function.
Cannabinoids and their Fight Against Bacteria
Evidence for Cannabinoid Antibacterial Activity
According to a study from the National Library of Medicine, cannabidiol can disrupt bacterial membranes, a critical structure for survival. This disruption can lead to leakage of cellular contents and cell death.
Cannabis has demonstrated efficacy against various Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile. CBN may exhibit antibacterial activity against specific bacteria, potentially through mechanisms like membrane disruption and inhibiting protein synthesis.
Proposed Mechanisms of Cannabinoid Action Against Bacteria
| Membrane disruption | Cannabinoids interact with bacterial membranes, altering their permeability and causing leakage of essential cellular components. |
| Inhibition of essential enzymes | When you consume weed, certain cannabinoids interfere with the activity of enzymes critical for bacterial growth and replication. |
| Modulation of gene expression | Weed cannabinoids influence bacterial gene expression, hindering their ability to survive or resist antibiotics. |
Scientific Research on Cannabinoids for Gonorrhea
A 2021 study published by the University of Queensland (UQ) and Botanix Pharmaceuticals ignited interest in the potential of cannabidiol as a treatment for gonorrhea and other bacterial infections.
What are the Findings?
The study demonstrated that synthetic cannabis or weed exhibits antibacterial activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium responsible for gonorrhea. This is noteworthy as Neisseria gonorrhoeae develops resistance to current antibiotics, which makes the discovery of new treatment options crucial.
- They found cannabis or weed effective against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains like MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
- Cannabis (i.e., edibles, smoke, concentrates, drinks) may disrupt bacterial biofilms–the slimy protective layers that contribute to antibiotic resistance.
- Cannabis has a low propensity to induce bacterial resistance, even under accelerated selection pressure.
Promising Effects of Cannabis vs Other Bacteria
A recent study issued in the Journal of Scientific Reports highlights the potential antimicrobial properties of cannabidiol. This study demonstrated weed or cannabis’ effectiveness against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria, including highly resistant strains like vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). They reported consistent minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1-4 μg/mL for cannabis against these pathogens, indicating its potential potency.
Buy Weed Online for Immediate Fight Against Bacteria
While traditional antibiotics remain the mainstay of gonorrhea treatment, research suggests exciting possibilities for cannabinoids. The good thing about cannabis is you have many options at great prices. Explore cannabis stores in Vancouver, BC, and you’ll find great selection of cannabis edibles, drinks, and concentrates that can help your fight against bacteria.
If you’re looking for the best cannabis store in Vancouver, BC, visit Sea to Sky Cannabis for premium cannabis products and unparalleled dispensary experience. Get assistance from knowledgeable staff for the best weed products that suits your, either for recreational or medicinal use. Order online or buy cannabis today at Sea to Sky Cannabis store, conveniently located in Vancouver, BC.
Frequently asked questions
What are the potential delivery methods for cannabinoids if they are found to be effective against gonorrhea?
Given that gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection, topical formulations applied directly to the infected area might be a logical approach. Vaginal suppositories or even injectable forms of cannabis products could also be explored depending on the chosen cannabinoid and its optimal delivery method as you buy weed online.
Can weed from a cannabis store protect cells from infections?
New research suggests a potential benefit of cannabis. The study found that combining terpenes (natural compounds from cannabis and other plants) with cannabis created a barrier within cells, preventing infection by both coronavirus and influenza A virus in laboratory experiments.
Can THC and CBD interact with pharmaceutical drugs?
When using cannabinoid-based therapeutics that contain both THC and CBD, consider their ratio and weigh the relevant information on THC and CBD drug interactions accordingly. Recent clinical observational studies suggested that there’s no negative effects when combining cannabinoid-based therapeutics with immunotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Research data provide reassurance regarding the absence of a deleterious effect of cannabis in this clinical setting.
